What influences recurrence risk
Stage at diagnosis, number of involved nodes, margin clearance, lymphovascular invasion and tumour grade or molecular subtype. Complete guideline-concordant surgery and completion of recommended adjuvant therapy are the factors most within our control.
A typical surveillance schedule
Schedules differ by cancer type; a common colorectal pattern is shown below and is adjusted to your risk.
- Clinical review every 3–6 months for 2 years, then 6-monthly to 5 years
- Tumour markers such as CEA or CA-125 at each visit where relevant
- CT scan annually, or earlier if symptoms or markers change
- Colonoscopy at 1 year, then per guideline
If recurrence is found
Isolated local or oligometastatic recurrence can sometimes be resected with curative intent, including liver or lung metastasectomy and pelvic re-do surgery. Widespread recurrence is managed with systemic therapy and symptom control, with quality of life as an explicit goal.
Common questions
- Do lifestyle changes reduce recurrence risk?
- Physical activity, maintaining a healthy weight, stopping smoking and limiting alcohol are associated with better outcomes in several cancers and are safe to recommend.
Related reading
This page is general education, reviewed by Dr. Ishaan Allahabadi, MCh Surgical Oncology (Edge Hill, UK) · MS Surgery · MBBS (Accredited by the Royal College of Surgeons of England). It is not a substitute for individual medical advice. Treatment decisions are made after reviewing your imaging and pathology, in a multidisciplinary tumour board.